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My Friend the Enemy

Lately I’ve been thinking a lot about an old friend, somebody I’ve known since my army days, and one of the cleverest and funniest blokes I’ve ever met.

Let’s call him Dave.

Dave left the army while I still had a couple of years to push. For his nine years he’d been rewarded with two stripes and a medal, for active service in Northern Ireland.

I clearly remember the last time I saw him as a serving soldier. I remember how he laughed at us on the day he left. He was headed for the real world and freedom, while we, with our poxy little bedspaces and pork pie haircuts remained trapped in “the system”.

It was several years before I saw him again, by which time I had myself taken the road to “freedom” in civvy life and struggled daily with the consequences of that decision.

To my surprise Dave arrived at the reunion wearing a crisp dark blazer and regimental tie, his one medal with its purple and green ribbon on proud display. Dave had evolved. He was now an ex-serving soldier, a veteran, and over the years he’d discovered that this actually afforded him more status in the eyes of the world than he’d ever had while in uniform.

Dave was still Dave of course. He’d been a trickster and a rebel in the old days and never worried about the kind of trouble it got him into. But I soon realised that he’d done something with his memories, adjusted them to fit tighter into a different narrative than the one I remembered.

Don’t we all do it to one degree or another?

He’s well into his sixties now, has been a civilian since the age of 27, but still thinks of himself as a “rifleman”. And these days those altered memories have become the cast-iron facts of Dave’s story.

And he has enemies. He sees them everywhere. His enemies are not usually specific individuals. There are no blood feuds or vendettas hanging over his head. He has no gambling debts, and he gets on fine with most of his family, his neighbours, and with the crowd down the pub.

No, the enemies that plague his life are of a more generalised and varied sort and tend to fit handily into particular categories or types. Naming them helps him to focus and makes them easier to identify, especially when pointing them out to others.

In no particular order:

Lefties; Greens; Socialists; Liberals; Vegans; Muslims (inevitably); Immigrants, illegal or otherwise; “Snowflakes” who want to ban golliwogs and fox hunting; White poppy wearers, or those who don’t wear a poppy at all; Guardian readers; Anti-monarchists, especially if Irish or Scottish; Foreigners of all types whose first language isn’t English, (but especially the French);

And army veterans who don’t play the game the way he does.

You get the idea.

Some of those on the list are black or dark skinned, many are not. So whatever else you might accuse him of you could not call him out for being exclusively a racist.

The one thing they have in common is their tendency to stand out for being “different”. Different from Dave, that is. By definition of course, enemies are different from us and observe customs that are not our own. And the epitome of difference is the foreigner.

And if that foreigner happens to be a dark-skinned Lefty who hates the Queen, so much the better.

In recent years his list of enemies has grown in leaps and bounds. Brexit gave him an unprecedented opportunity to widen the scope of his hunt. “Remoaners” seemed to be everywhere he looked. Some lived next door or up the street. Shockingly there were even one or two in his own family.

Facebook gave him a platform from which to express his views about those he hated. It also allowed him to connect with like-minded souls with whom he could exchange bits of news to help stoke the fire. But a brief flirtation with the BNP ended when he saw that their violence was too random and ill-disciplined. They hated everyone, even themselves.

Of course these days everyone’s doing it – finding enemies and eviscerating them online that is. But it has a special quality when the hunter is a military veteran. In Dave’s case for example, after leaving the army he simply carried on doing what he’d been trained to do – search for and find the enemy, then do whatever he was able to do to destroy it, almost as though he was carrying out a subliminal instruction.

Although he’d never admit it Dave needs his enemies a lot more than his enemies need him. Having an enemy is important to him, not only to help him define his identity and demonstrate his own worth, but also to provide him with an obstacle against which to measure his system of values .

I doubt that he could manage otherwise. His grievances give him a reason to get up in the morning, get the blood pumping and the adrenaline flowing. The need to have something to react against has become second nature, almost like the daily intake of a drug, helping to reassert his sense of self and the things he stands for. So much so that …

… If there were no enemy he would have to invent one.

I still see Dave from time to time. He’s not the man he used to be, but he’s not a bad person either. He took good care of his kids, loves his grandchildren, and is good company over a couple of pints.

Back in the day we talked about everything under the sun, being still young enough to wonder about the people we could become, the women we would meet and what our kids would grow up to be. Now we talk mainly about the past and our supposed glory days, the only thing we have in common.

And I have to tread very carefully. I walk a fine line. It would take very little for me to become one of Dave’s enemies.

As a way of restoring your faith in humanity nothing comes close to seeing and hearing a brilliant piece of music being created, at least, that’s how it works for me. So much music being made these days seems to be incapable of being anything other than average, so that when something transcendent happens it’s almost a revelation.



The Enigma of the Green Man

Oaknail

The goal of life is living in agreement with Nature.”
Zeno of Elea (490-430 B.C., Greek philosopher)

By any standards the Green Man is one of the world’s great historical enigmas. While his face appears on thousands of stone and wood carvings in hundreds of medieval churches and buildings and on ancient sites around the world no written record has ever been found that explains his presence in such profusion in some of mankind’s holiest places.

Although there are several plausible explanations for the mystery, in effect none of them are anything more than educated guesswork. There is a complete absence of any documentary evidence or explanation as to who the Green Man is, or why his image is so common in Europe and the British Isles, often constituting the sole decoration in many medieval churches. This lack of historical attribution obliges us to come to our own understanding as to who he is and what he represents. 

A Foliate Head

Green Man at Derby Cathedral

As an image the Green Man is instantly recognisable. It is that of a human face, usually (though not always) male, intertwined with, and surrounded by foliage. In many cases the foliage is so vigorous that it issues from the mouth, nose, ears, and sometimes even the eyes. Always a carver’s device, whether in wood or stone, it is rare to find the Green Man in jewellery, illuminated books or stained glass, and no contemporary literature refers to him.

Pre-history & Mythology

What we do know is that the Green Man had been an influential presence long before his widespread proliferation in the Middle Ages. Before recorded history, when the existence of the human race was totally dependent on its relationship to the natural world, our distant ancestors knew him. His emergence in mankind’s most ancient myths can be shown to lie at the roots of human psychology.

William Blake. Illustration to Milton's Paradise Lost

William Blake. Illustration to Milton’s Paradise Lost

Somewhere between fifty and a hundred thousand years ago it appears that man entered into a new phase of existence, becoming aware of himself as a conscious, reflective individual. This ability to separate his awareness from the background of the natural world into which he was born came at a price. In separating the individual mind from its source in the greater consciousness early humanity experienced a double severance: that of the individual, and the social group as a whole becoming separated from Nature by its self-knowledge.

Mythology, as a dramatization of events both actual and psychological gives us insight into mankind’s process of self-discovery. The story of Adam and Eve for example, expelled from Paradise for gaining the knowledge of good and evil tells us of the moment when mankind first became aware of itself as separate from its source.  

The Earliest Images

Some 35,000 years ago the first artists left evidence of their powers of observation. In the marvellous cave paintings of Chauvet-Pont-dÁrc, Lascaux, Altamira and many other places worldwide we can see the minds of these conscious individuals at work, expressing their awareness by creating images, not only of the world they saw around them, but also of their beliefs about the world and existence. Depictions of their companions and their enemies, of animals, and, occasionally, as in Altamira, South Africa and Mexico images of therianthropes, hybrid creatures, half human, half beast abound.

These early artists personified the forces of nature and its spirits. Each archetypal representation of the Green Man we encounter as we travel back through time adds to our understanding of the need our ancestors had to revere the manifest intelligence of nature as the source of their knowledge and survival. The central theme is repeated over and over again: the birth, rise, death, and rebirth of all that lives or has lived, and the unbreakable connection between mankind and the great cycles of nature.

Al-Khidr "the Green One"

Al-Khidr “the Green One”

Ancient Cultures

To the ancient Egyptians the Green Man was Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh (c 700 BC). Representing untamed, overflowing life, Enkidu stands as one of the earliest images of the potent energy that is the Green Man. To the Celts he was Cernunnos, a god represented as having a special connection with animals and the natural world.

In Arabic culture we often find references to al-Khidir, the “Green” or “Verdant One”, a figure central to an early vegetation cult, who was perceived as a shaman, a representative of Nature, and a source of supernatural wisdom. To the Romans who encountered his presence in every corner of the world they conquered, and incorporated his image into many of their own constructions the Green Man was well known. Classical depictions thus became intermingled with the beliefs of the native populations.  

The Christian Church

In Europe the essential mystery at the outset of any investigation into the Green Man is this: with the apparent consent of the clergy, at the time establishing the dominance of Christianity over the old religions, stonemasons and artisans, independent of one another, introduced thousands of pagan images into the nooks and crannies of their most holy places, the symbols of their fundamental beliefs about life, death, and the Creator. Furthermore all of this activity went entirely unrecorded. It is almost as though there were no need for explanation; it was enough that the images were there, a constant reminder of older forces at work in the world.

Wolf-Ulrich Klünker, in his introduction to ‘Nature Spirits – Selected Lectures by Rudolph Steiner’ offers us a glimpse of a possible motive: “A human being connects with both nature and spirit; he unites them as one being within himself. This special place in the cosmos has, through the ages, been perceived in Christian tradition and considered as the human being’s particular task.”

This opens up the intriguing possibility that the early Christian Church knew exactly what it was doing when it allowed its holy places to be decorated with pagan and pre-Christian images, not as appeasement to the simple folk it was struggling to convert, but as a deliberate expression of its own belief that mankind’s evolutionary task was to forge a connection between the natural world and the world of spirit.

StonemasonAnd what of the artisans who actually did the work? Medieval carvers were neither elite artists nor holy men. Socially they were considered to be on the same level as skilled labourers. But the stonemasons and carvers had an awareness of the etheric world that breathed freely in the countryside in a time before the city encroached upon their sacred places. These men, wary of the possibility that their deeply rooted pagan beliefs were under threat from the new religion, were in a unique position to pass on the message of the Green Man to future generations. This they did in abundance. Nevertheless, despite their skill and dedication no mention is made of the Green Man in any Masonic documentation or ritual. 

Symbol & Reconnection

Orthodox Christianity came to teach a Pagan people that  heaven and spiritual attainment,  was always somewhere else – in the sky, in the past, in the future. It belonged to someone else, and as private property was accessible only by joining the club and adhering to a strict set of rules and regulations. The old beliefs on the other hand, with their practices and rituals bound up with the cycles of the earth told us that all knowledge is present here and now in the world in which we stand, not through the offices of some specially gifted or appointed intermediary, but available to us all through observance of, and harmony with, the laws and rhythms of nature. The Green Man, as a personification of the concentrated life forces is symbolic of the desire to recreate Arcadia and reconnect mankind with his roots in the natural world.

oaknail2The image of the Green Man is coming into focus just at the time we need him most. This is a time when our awareness of what it is to live on the knife edge of ecological disaster is finally making an impression on our rational mindset, primed to regard the earth as a resource to be ruthlessly exploited.

The Green Man embodies the mystery at the heart of our dependence on the natural world. In our need to rewild and reclaim our heritage as co-creators of an earthly paradise we need a symbol, one that was here long before our time and that will remain to inspire others when we are gone.  

Somewhere between fifty and a hundred thousand years ago it appears that man entered into a new phase of existence, becoming aware of himself as a conscious, reflective individual. This ability to separate his awareness from the background of the natural world into which he was born came at a price. In separating the individual mind from its source in the greater consciousness early humanity experienced a double severance: that of the individual, and the social group as a whole becoming separated from Nature by its self-knowledge.

Barleycorn by Traffic

Is it too late in the year for a harvest song? Possibly, although I harvested the last of the carrots and parsnips only yesterday, but this great, stripped down live version of John Barleycorn by Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi and Chris Wood, aka Traffic, just seems to perfectly suit the mood of the day.

Today’s Number

honey-bee-pollinating1265,000,000,000

The most recent estimate of the global economic benefit of pollination amounts to some €265bn, assessed as the value of crops dependent on natural pollination. This is not a “real” value of course, as it hides the fact that, should natural pollination be severely compromised or end, it might prove impossible to replace – effectively making its true value infinitely high.

Bees and other pollinating insects play an essential role in ecosystems and the world could not survive a total bee collapse. But over the past decade, beekeepers worldwide have consistently reported a decline in bees with yearly bee colony losses of 20-50%

In a world without bees who would pollinate our essential crop and wild plants? Most plants and a third of our food depends on pollination by bees.

The bee collapse is a challenge to mankind on the scale of global warming, ocean acidification or nuclear devastation.

helpsCast your vote

Clicking the link below will take you to the SlowFood.com website where you can read more about the Public Eye Awards, the competition that puts the spotlight on corporations with a dismal record of social and environmental responsibility. Online voting started on November 26.

Commonly referred to as “The Awards of Shame”, the initiative was launched by Greenpeace International and the Berne Declaration to highlight irresponsible business practices and provide a platform to publicly criticize cases of human and labour rights violations, environmental destruction or corruption.

Among the nominations for this year’s award, submitted by various NGOs, are Syngenta, Bayer, and BASF, producers of those chemical pesticides known to pose the most serious threat to the existence of pollinators.

The Public Eye Awards are deliberately set to coincide with the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) to provide a critical counterpoint to the annual meeting in Davos: Many CEOs of nominated companies are present at the WEF. Previous winners of the People’s Award include Shell in 2013 and Nestle Oil in 2012.

The Award of Shame: Vote to Save the Bees! | Focus on | Slow Europe – Our Idea of Europe.

A Silent Spring

aRachelCarson“As crude a weapon as the cave man’s club, the chemical barrage has been hurled against the fabric of life – a fabric on the one hand delicate and destructible, on the other miraculously tough and resilient, and capable of striking back in unexpected ways. These extraordinary capacities of life have been ignored by the practitioners of chemical control who have brought to their task no “high-minded orientation,” no humility before the vast forces with which they tamper.”

Rachel Carson, Silent Spring 1962

Today’s Number

6060%

Bee populations are so low in the US that it now takes 60% of the country’s surviving colonies just to pollinate one California crop, almonds. And that’s not just a west coast problem—California supplies 80% of the world’s almonds, a market worth $4 billion.

The well-publicized problems in the US where the battle seems as good as lost can tend to overshadow the fact that potentially this is a worldwide catastrophe waiting to happen. Fortunately the picture in Europe is less clear cut.

Meanwhile those nice people at Bayer and Syngenta, aided and supported by British environment minister Owen Patterson are suing the European Commission in an effort to overturn the temporary ban on a small part of the arsenal of death-dealing chemicals that saturate European farmland.

Corporate lobbyists and other interested parties use a familiar line in obfuscation when explaining away the obvious connection between wholesale chemical application and the decimation of the pollinators our food supply depends on. But despite what they would have us believe there is no “mystery” as to why bee colonies around the world appear to be in a state of terminal decline.

Independent scientific research, that is research not funded by chemical companies, appropriated by agribusiness, or under the thumb of the British government has consistently found that the exposure of pollinators to cocktails of chemicals, (in some cases traces of as many as 35 different pesticides have been found in toxic pollen) is a crucial contributing factor in their decline.

Such independent research is also opening up a huge can of worms by exposing the relationship between the chemicals without which mainstream agriculture can barely function, and the looming calamity of pollinator decline. Neonicotinoids, those notorious pesticides now banned by the European Commission are just the tip of the iceberg it seems.

See also:

Treehugger:  Scientists discover another cause of bee deaths, and it’s really bad news 

Guardian article April 2013:  Insecticide firms in secret bid to stop ban that could save bees

European Food Safety Authority report published 21 November 2013: EFSA’s 18th Scientific Colloquium on Towards holistic approaches to the risk assessment of multiple stressors in bees

if-we-die-were-taking-you-with-us

Good Times

ralph-waldo-emerson_avsDz_1359374400“This time, like all times is a good one, if we but know what to do with it.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

extreme weatherBusiness as Usual

It was news to me but apparently something that passes for normal practice these days is the buying and selling of weather derivative contracts, financial products bought and sold by industrial corporations and the financial services industry for the purpose of making a profit out of climate instability.

These aren’t just fly-by-night insurance scams but standard, widely used products designed and marketed by energy companies and industrial giants such as Enron and Koch Industries.

Makes you think, doesn’t it?

So when for example, representatives of the energy industries in Britain stand in front of a Parliamentary Select Committee and argue that taxes on their products, those “Green Levies” designed to be redirected into renewable energy sources should be scrapped, we need to realise that they do so in the knowledge that for them, and their brothers in globalised industry, it doesn’t matter if the climate further destabilizes – they’re going to make huge profits from selling insurance products to those on the front line (those who can afford them, of course), then trading said products on the “free” market.

Caught in the StormA Vested Interest

Why bother then to confront and grapple with the causes of climate instability? All you need to do to stay in business is to analyse, predict, then profit from climate change and the worldwide imperative to adapt.

To put it another way these are companies – including energy companies – that have a vested financial interest in continued climate change. Some might even call this an incentive to keep fear of the consequences of weather instability in the forefront of people’s minds, (fear after all is the most effective tool to apply when selling insurance) without actually having to do anything about it.

Big Data

Technically weather derivatives are financial products rather than insurance policies and like any other comparable construction can be traded on the derivatives market. Given the way in which such products are structured, and the fact that payouts are triggered based on observed weather conditions rather than specific losses, information and data analysis are at the core of this expanding market. Whoever has first access to the most refined data is going to be streets ahead of their competitors. So it’s no surprise to hear that the first significant “big data” acquisition has been made by agricultural giant Monsanto, with its purchase of data science company Climate Corporation.

14rain6Another Day, Another Dollar

Scarcely a day goes by without reading of some new way that corporations have found to infiltrate the legislative process, corrupt the path of scientific impartiality, or influence the flow of information reaching the public. These people never sleep it seems.

By binding farmers to an inescapable genetically modified merry-go-round in which the company at the centre receives cash flow from all directions Monsanto makes virtual serfs of its clients. Blinding them with modified science and a vast body of data that only they control adds another link to the chain of dependency Monsanto has “creatively” engineered to tighten its grip on the world’s food production and save us all from starvation.

4269sotmr-weather-insurance-crisis-disaster-resizeGroundup

We need to forget about the fantasy of globalised business producing creative, innovative solutions to the climate crisis and helping us out of this mess. Their creativity has been solely in the service of protecting and maximizing profit margins whatever the weather, and that’s the way it’s going to stay. Politics has sold its soul, lured by the dangling carrot of limitless economic growth, seeming to spend most of its time justifying the appropriation of common resources for the benefit of private organisations and facilitating the destruction of Nature by non-sustainable development.

We know that big changes are coming, that some will be within our powers to manage and many won’t. Genuinely creative ideas, techniques, strategies and solutions are arising, often quite literally, from the ground up, as fledgling organisations such as the Transition Network, the Occupy movement and many others bypass the established chain of command and take matters into their own hands. Such groups are at least offering a body of fresh ideas, and a blueprint or framework for a sustainable alternative. But those who believe that we can buy, sell, or bargain our way out of trouble are living in an absurd dream.

For a concise and readable analysis of so-called weather derivatives see the article below.

Think Again

Gregory Bateson“The major problems in the world are the result of the difference between the way Nature works and the way people think.”

Gregory Bateson

 

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